Optimized Tissue–Time–Technique Protocol for Real-Time Detection of Apple Viruses

ICAR–Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, has developed a technology to detect major apple viruses, such as ApMV, ApNMV, ASPV, and ASGV, at an early stage. By optimising the three T's (Tissue, Time and Technique) using DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR, the system enables real-time virus identification and supports the production of virus-free, high-quality apple planting material. Training and technical support are provided.