Integrated Agri–Aqua–Livestock Farming Model for Coastal Brackishwater Systems

Integrated agri-aqua poultry and goat farming in brackish water aquaculture is a sustainable livelihood model for coastal communities. This system treats fish as the primary component, while poultry and goats contribute nutrient-rich waste that serves as natural fertiliser, reducing feed costs by 60–70%. The integrated approach enhances resource utilisation, increases employment opportunities, and strengthens the skills and knowledge of Self-Help Groups (SHGs), promoting socio-economic development in coastal areas.