One Health is an integrating idea that brings different sectors together to solve the health, productivity, and conservation challenges and has major implications for India. India with its diverse wildlife, one of the largest livestock populations and high density of human population, carries heightened risks for inter-compartmental spread of diseases. Covid pandemic, recent outbreaks of Lumpy Skin Disease in cattle and the constant threat of Avian Influenza show that it is not just about addressing diseases from human health point of view (zoonosis) but we need to address the livestock and wildlife aspects. This also opens opportunities for leveraging the complementarity and strengths that is inherent in each sector and devise integrated, robust and agile response systems.
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Prof. Ajay Kumar Sood, Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India wrote about the Holistic Approach to Public Health with the National One Health Mission in an editorial for The Hindu on 11th of April 2024. National One Health Mission, steered by O/o PSA, is a significant step towards a comprehensive approach to public as well as animal health. This mission recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, aiming to address disease outbreaks and improve overall health outcomes across all sectors
The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi approved the creation of post of Director of National Institute of One Health, Nagpur to spearhead National One Health Mission for integrated disease control and pandemic preparedness on 29 Feb 2024. 13 Departments have worked together to develop the Mission aimed at addressing pressing issues under One Health.
A workshop on ‘Environmental Surveillance for One Health’ was organised on 9th February 2023 by the Office of PSA in collaboration with ARTPARK at IISc Bengaluru.
Animal Pandemic Preparedness Initiative and World Bank-funded Animal Health System Support for One Health launched to enhance India's preparedness and response to potential animal pandemics, under the One Health Mission
Central Zoo Authority hosted the 2nd National Stakeholder Workshop on Wildlife Health and One Health Collaboration. The workshop served as a platform for insightful discussions and a consultative approach towards the development of the National Referral Centre for Wildlife
There are many One Health efforts underway in various Ministries of the Government of India, in private organizations in addition to a range of activities globally. This presents a prospect to review the areas of focus underlying each effort, identify opportunities for collaboration and work towards filling any remaining gaps. Considering this, The Prime Minister's Science, Technology, and Innovation Advisory Council (PM-STIAC) in its 21st meeting, approved to set up a National One Health Mission with a cross-ministerial effort which will serve to coordinate, support, and integrate all the existing One Health activities in the country and fill gaps where it is appropriate.
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Critical enabling activities of the One Health Mission
These outcomes of the One Health Mission will be supported by critical enabling initiatives. Many of these initiatives are ongoing and will be strengthened under the mission and several new activities that will facilitate the goals of the mission will be undertaken.
Critical enabling activities of the One Health Mission
State pilots are being developed to better inform the implementation and to ensure that the Mission is grounded and informed by ongoing activities and capabilities. Moreover, following detailed mapping exercises are being conducted. This will ensure continuous strengthening of the existing programs and systems.
Disease gap prioritization exercise: A comprehensive collation of all the diseases of One Health priorities (zoonotic, transboundary animal diseases and diseases of epidemic/pandemic potential) and available interventions (vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics) across human, animal husbandry and wildlife sectors has been performed with extensive consultations. Gaps thus identified will be prioritized to serve as a guide for targeted R&D or epidemiological studies. This is envisioned to be a live database that will be continuously updated as the program evolves.
Mapping of existing surveillance programs: Before considering integrating disease surveillance, a comprehensive mapping of all ongoing disease surveillance programs (both active and passive surveillance) across the sectors has been undertaken. Overlaps and potential opportunities for integrating them further will be taken up.
Mapping of laboratory capabilities of existing and upcoming BSL-2, 3 and 4 levels for better understanding of country’s capabilities has been done. This critical lab infrastructure will be better integrated into a national network to achieve effective resource utilization and capacity building both for routine disease control and addressing emerging pandemics.
Mapping institutional capabilities: India has strong capabilities both within and outside government departments. A mapping exercise was undertaken to assess the core capabilities of institutions of the stakeholder departments and highlight where they can contribute towards the Mission. This will further provide a collective understanding of the roles to be played in building a One Health ecosystem.
The ability to predict, detect and respond to an infectious disease reflects fundamental capability of a system, and the efforts mentioned above are useful not just for natural origins of the infection but also accidental or intentional spreads. One Health concept is comprehensive and encompasses overall health of all living beings as well as that of the environment. This includes issues such as food security, water quality, antimicrobial resistance, and climate change. These are also being handled globally through quadripartite and G-20 forum. This mission aims to take up the specific issue of integrated disease control and pandemic preparedness within the broader landscape of One Health. Achieving meaningful progress in a focused manner will not only help in addressing this important topic and but also will provide valuable insights and lessons to further take up other issues of One Health.
Data related efforts are the most significant backbone of One Health Mission. An integrated data platform will be built to host data on disease spread across all sectors, data to guide R&D and preparedness efforts, data for better public health and other program design and monitoring effectiveness etc.
A Federated model will be followed where-in data will be held in different distributed places and it will be integrated by APIs and other technical means by harmonizing the input, and following the data standards. All the stakeholder departments will be contributors and users of this platform. The data platform will host data related to, but not limited to-
Integrating surveillance and routine care data within sectors and across sectors like integrating across human health sectors (efforts on linking vector born and NCDC data). Integrating information across sectors, such as between IDSP/NDLM/NRC-W and beyond.
Disease incidences and outbreaks across sectors
R&D and preparedness efforts
Various analytics such as disease modeling, epidemiology capabilities etc. for better decision making
A schematic representation of the integrated data ecosystem is mentioned below-
